Centramate™, Centrasette™,Maximate™ and Maxisette™ Cassettes
For Development, Pilot-Scale, and Production in Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration Processes
Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration TFF – Cassette Membranes
Pall offers a comprehensive selection of tangential flow filtration (TFF) products to meet the increasing diversity of biological and biopharmaceutical processes and applications. Pall® membrane cassettes and their associated hardware and systems are the preferred choice in applications that require gentle processing and characteristics tailored to the application.
Maxisette Membrane Cassettes
Centrasette Membrane Cassettes
Membranes for UF and MF TFF
Pall Omega™ ultrafiltration (UF) membranes have been developed and manufactured to give consistent performance. Products are available for laboratory, development, pilot, and production-scale TFF applications.
Pall Supor® TFF microfiltration (MF) membranes are optimized for product clarification and recovery in biotechnology and pharmaceutical applications.
Pall membranes provide superior performance and stability to meet the challenges of each unique TFF application. Each membrane is available in a broad range of cassette types and configurations.
Omega Membrane
Omega polyethersulfone (PES) membranes have been specifically modified to minimize protein binding to the surface and interstitial structure of the membrane. This polymeric membrane is stable against biological and physical degradation due to the unique chemical properties of PES.
Omega membranes are cast on a highly porous, non-woven polyolefin support. They have an anisotropic structure, a thin skinlike top layer with a highly porous underlying support. The structure of the skin determines the porosity and permeability characteristics of the membrane.
Anisotropic membranes have higher water permeability and can typically be cleaned quicker and easier than membranes with a uniform, sub-micron depth structure.
Damage to the skin of anisotropic membranes is easily detected with an integrity test. This may not be the case for membranes with sub-micron porous underlayers.
Supor TFF Membrane
Supor TFF membrane is a modified polyethersulfone membrane with a uniform depth structure. The membrane porosity is optimized for microfiltration TFF applications including harvest, concentration and clarification of cell cultures and fermentation broths. Use Supor TFF membranes to harvest bacterial, mammalian, and insect cells; separate red blood cells from hemoglobin; and clarify yeast broth and bacterial lysates.
Characteristics of Omega and Supor TFF membranes
-
Low affinity and adsorption characteristics resulting in higher product recovery
-
Available in a wide variety of cassette configurations, for easy and direct scale-up/scale-down
-
Greatest selection of ultrafiltration membrane rating available: 650 Da – 1000 kDa to fit specific application needs
-
Wide range of membrane pore sizes to optimize the process
-
Compatible with acids, bases and a variety of other cleaning agents to optimize cleaning procedures.
Centramate Cassettes
Centramate Membrane Cassettes
Centramate cassettes are perfect for laboratory scale and development applications in TFF. Small area formats with 0.009 m2 and 0.018 m2 may be used with the Centramate LV holder for process volumes of a few liters down to a few milliliters. The 0.09 m2 format is used with the Centramate Stainless Steel or Centramate PE holders. Centramate cassettes are available in a range of channel formats and membranes to meet every application requirement. The cassettes are supplied with the same membrane and construction materials as used in the Centrasette Membrane cassettes.
Applications developed on a Centramate cassette can be easily scaled up by adding cassettes to a Centramate holder or by switching to the Centrasette cassette format with identical path length and channel format.
Centrasette and Centrasette II Cassettes
Centrasette Cassette
Centrasette cassettes, available in the same range of membrane and screen formats as the Centramate cassettes, have been widely used for years in various process applications including concentration and diafiltration by the biopharmaceutical industry. Centrasette cassettes are available with membrane areas of 0.46, 1.9, and 2.3 m2 (5, 20, and 25 ft2). Larger cassette areas simplify installation in large TFF systems, reducing the number of gaskets required and minimizing risk of leakage.
Pall continues to improve membrane cassettes to meet the more rigid requirements of today’s applications.
The Centrasette II membrane cassette uses the same components as in the original Centrasette cassette. Therefore revalidation may not be necessary.
Feed ports in the Centrasette II have been enlarged to twice the size of the Centrasette cassette and membrane area has been increased by about 10%. The larger fluid port design will enhance the membrane’s performance by:
• Improving fluid flow distribution between and through cassettes
• Allowing more efficient cleaning
• Reducing the pressure profile across the feed/retentate channels
Both types of Centrasette cassettes are available with 3 different membrane area options to meet small scale and larger process volume requirements. The Centrasette cassettes fit in a variety of Centrasette holders as well as similar holders from other manufacturers.
Centrasette and Centrasette II Feed Port Comparison
Maximate Cassettes
The Maximate membrane cassette offers the opportunity to simulate the performance of the larger Maxisette membrane cassette on a smaller scale. The path length in Maximate membrane cassettes is identical to that used in the Maxisette format but the membrane surface area and hold up volume are proportionately lower, meaning that processing and optimization studies may be performed on smaller batches.
Maxisette Cassettes
The Maxisette format has some distinct benefits that make it advantageous for large volume processes. Most important is that the volumetric flow rate required is 40 % lower compared to cassette formats like the Centrasette. This translates to a smaller pump and piping diameter being required for the same membrane area with a corresponding reduction in energy cost. The larger porting in the Maxisette (almost 50% larger feed and retentate ports than the Centrasette II Cassette) provides lower resistance to high feed flow rates which results in lower pressure drops and easier cleaning.
Membrane Cassette General Information
There are four cassette formats for UF and MF applications — Centramate, Centrasette, Maximate and Maxisette.
Pall TFF membrane cassettes are available in a range of molecular weight cut-offs from 650 Da to 1000 kDa and pore sizes from 0.1 µm to 0.65 µm to meet every application requirement. Featured membrane types include:
• Omega
• Supor TFF
Materials of Construction |
|
Membrane
Omega
Supor TFF |
Modified polyethersulfone |
|
Encapsulant |
Polyurethane |
|
Screens |
Polyester |
|
Encapsulant |
Polyurethane with white pigment (TiO2) |
|
Spacers
Omega
Supor TFF |
Polyolefin/PES
Polyolefin |
|
Cassette Format |
Maximum Operating Temperature |
Maximum Recommended
Operating Pressure |
|
Centramate |
50 °C (122 °F) |
5 bar (75 psi) |
|
Centrasette |
50 °C (122 °F) |
5 bar (75 psi) |
|
Maximate |
50 °C (122 °F) |
5 bar (75 psi) |
|
Maxisette |
50 °C (122 °F) |
5 bar (75 psi) |
Cassette Channel Configurations
Cassettes are available in fine, medium and suspended screen channel formats to best meet the specific requirements of each application.
Select a cassette channel configuration based on the following criteria:
|
Channel Configuration |
Selection Criteria |
|
Fine Screen |
Clarified, dilute solutions Final concentration below 2% (20 mg/mL) MWCO below 300K |
|
Medium Screen |
Clarified solutions; low – medium viscosity
Final concentration < 30% (300 mg/mL) |
|
Suspended Screen /Open Channel |
Particles/cells/cell debris in solution
High viscosity |
Storage Agents
Omega, and Supor TFF cassettes are shipped wet, in liquid containing a humectant and bactericidal storage solution. This solution consists of 15 – 20% glycerin and 0.05 – 0.1% sodium azide.
The storage solution must be removed and the cassette flushed well with water prior to use to prevent product contamination.
Cassettes are also available with circa 0.3 N sodium hydroxide as the storage agent.
Traceability
Each membrane cassette has a unique serial number for full traceability. Each cassette is supplied with:
• Certificate of Test
• Membrane Cassette Care and Use Procedures
• Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for cassette preservative
• Two platinum cured silicone gaskets
How to Order Membrane Cassettes
1. Choose a membrane type from Table 1 (e.g. OS, or PS).
2. Choose a MWCO from Table 2 or a µm rating code from Table 3, as appropriate (e.g. 010 = 10 kDa, M20 = 0.2 µm).
3. Choose a format code from Table 4 (e.g. C10, C11, or C12).
|
Code |
Membrane |
Comments |
|
OS |
Omega modified polyethesulfone |
Low protein-binding |
|
PS |
Supor TFF polyethersulfone |
Microfiltration-optimized |
|
Table 2: Available MWCOs for Omega Ultrafiltration Membranes |
|
Code |
D65 |
001 |
003 |
005 |
010 |
030 |
050 |
070 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
500 |
990 |
|
MWCO (kDa) |
0.65 |
1 |
3 |
5 |
10 |
30 |
50 |
70 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
500 |
1000 |
|
Table 3: Available Micron Ratings for Supor Microfiltration Membranes |
|
Code |
M10 |
M20 |
M45 |
M65 |
|
Pore Size (µm) |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.45 |
0.65 |
Typical Examples
Table 4: Available Micron Ratings for Supor Microfiltration Membranes |
|
Cassette Format |
Nominal Area |
Fine Screen Code(1) |
Medium Screen Code |
Suspended Screen Code |
|
Centramate |
0.01 m2 (0.1 ft2 ) |
– |
C12P1 |
– |
|
|
0.02 m2 (0.2 ft2 ) |
– |
C12P2 |
C11P2 |
|
|
0.1 m2 (1.0 ft2 ) |
C10 |
C12 |
C11 |
|
Centrasette |
0.46 m2 (5.0 ft2 ) |
C05 |
C06 |
C07 |
|
|
1.86 m2 (20 ft2 ) |
C20 |
C21 |
C22 |
|
|
2.32 m2 (25 ft2 ) |
C25 |
C26 |
C27 |
|
Centrasette II |
0.5 m2 (5.4 ft2 ) |
F05 |
F06 |
F07 |
|
|
2.0 m2 (22 ft2 ) |
F20 |
F21 |
F22 |
|
|
2.5 m2 (27 ft2 ) |
F25 |
F26 |
F27 |
|
Maximate |
0.04 m2 (0.4 ft2 ) |
– |
G01P2 |
G02P2 |
|
|
0.19 m2 (2.0 ft2 ) |
G10 |
G01 |
G02 |
|
Maxisette |
2.8 m2 (30 ft2 ) |
C50 |
C51 |
C52 |
Choosing a Cassette Holder
Centramate LV Holder
Centramate Holder and Fittings Kit
Centrasette LV Holder
Designed for optimum performance and product recovery Pall TFF cassette holders are available in a variety of sizes to meet every application requirement. This way applications that are developed on a small system using a Centramate or Maximate cassette can be easily scaled up, either by adding additional cassettes to the holder or by scaling into a larger cassette format and holder configuration with identical flow path like the Centrasette/Centrastak™ or Maxisette holders.
TFF cassette holders for the medium and large-scale production environment have a small footprint, yet still are capable of holding large areas of membrane. All stainless steel holders are engineered to precise specifications with a high standard internal and external surface finish and are available with either manual torque (MT) or auto torque (AT) compression systems for ease of use.
Centrasette P Holder
Operators must use calibrated torque wrenches (supplied with the holder) to effect required compression of cassettes and gaskets in a manual torque cassette holder. Auto-torque cassette holders automatically compensate for cassette compression and temperature reduction.
They also eliminate variability in technique between operators. Auto-torque cassette holders are recommended for process-scale validated processes.
Sanitary stainless steel holders may be sterilized by steam or autoclaving without cassettes installed.
Complete fittings kits consisting of pressure gauges, valves, filtrate manifold, connectors, gaskets and clamps are available for most cassette holders. Ordering a complete fitting kit with the cassette holder simplifies installation into a system and avoids potential delays in starting your process due to missing parts.
Centramate 500 S Unit
Choosing a Cassette Holder
The following table lists cassette holders with relative area capacities (screen channel cassettes) and working volumes1.
The Minimate™ TFF Capsule is also included to complete the range of lab scale products.
|
Product |
Membrane Area (Nominal)(2) |
Working Volumes(3) |
|
Lab and Development Scale
(Scale-up and Scale-down studies) |
|
|
Starting |
Final |
|
Minimate TFF Capsule |
0.005 m2 |
0.05 ft2 |
25 – 500 mL |
15 mL |
|
Centramate LV |
0.01 – 0.04 m2 |
0.1 – 0.4 ft2 |
25 – 4,000 mL |
15 mL |
|
Centramate PE |
0.01 – 0.37 m2 |
1 – 4 ft2 |
0.5 – 80 L |
150 mL |
|
Centramate |
0.01 – 0.46 m2 |
1 – 5 ft2 |
0.5 – 100 L |
150 mL |
|
Maximate |
0.19 – 1.11 m2 |
2 – 12 ft2 |
1 – 250 L |
350 mL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pilot Scale (Process Development) |
|
|
|
|
|
Centrasette LV |
0.46 – 2.0 m2 |
5 – 22 ft2 |
2.5 – 500 L |
400 mL |
|
Centrasette P |
0.46 – 2.0 m2 |
5 – 22 ft2 |
2.5 – 500 L |
400 mL |
|
Centrasette 5 |
0.46 – 2.0 m2 |
5 – 22 ft2 |
2.5 – 1,000 L |
1,000 mL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Process Scale (Production) |
|
|
|
|
|
Centrastak 100 |
0.9 – 20.0 m2 |
10 – 215 ft2 |
10 – 4,000 |
4 L |
|
Centrastak 200 |
1.85 – 40.0 m2 |
20 – 430 ft2 |
20 – 8,000 |
10 L |
|
Centrastak 300 |
2.8 – 60.0 m2 |
30 – 645 ft2 |
30 – 12,000 |
15 L |
|
Centrastak 400 |
3.7 – 80.0 m2 |
40 – 860 ft2 |
40 – 16,000 |
20 L |
|
Maxisette 25 |
2.8 – 27.9 m2 |
30 – 300 ft2 |
30 – 6,000 |
15 L |
|
Maxisette 50 |
5.6 – 55.8 m2 |
60 – 600 ft2 |
60 – 12,000 |
30 L |
|
Maxisette 100 |
5.6 – 92.9 m2 |
60 – 1,000 ft2 |
60 – 20,000 |
40 L |
Centrasette 200 AT Holder
Maxisette 25 AT Holder
Part Numbers
OS001C05 OS001C06 OS001C07 OS001C10 OS001C11 OS001C11P1 OS001C11P2 OS001C12 OS001C12P1 OS001C12P2 OS001C20 OS001C21
OS001C22 OS001C25 OS001C26 OS001C27 OS001C50 OS001C51 OS001C52 OS001F05 OS001F06 OS001F07 OS001F20 OS001F21
OS001F22 OS001F25 OS001F26 OS001F27 OS001G01 OS001G01P2 OS001G02 OS001G02P2 OS001G03 OS001G10 OS003C05 OS003C06
OS003C07 OS003C10 OS003C11 OS003C11P1 OS003C11P2 OS003C12 OS003C12P1 OS003C12P2 OS003C20 OS003C21 OS003C22 OS003C25
OS003C26 OS003C27 OS003C50 OS003C51 OS003C52 OS003F05 OS003F06 OS003F07 OS003F20 OS003F21 OS003F22 OS003F25
OS003F26 OS003F27 OS003G01 OS003G01P2 OS003G02 OS003G02P2 OS003G03 OS003G10 OS005C05 OS005C06 OS005C07 OS005C10
OS005C11 OS005C11P1 OS005C11P2 OS005C12 OS005C12P1 OS005C12P2 OS005C20 OS005C21 OS005C22 OS005C25 OS005C26 OS005C27
OS005C50 OS005C51 OS005C52 OS005F05 OS005F06 OS005F07 OS005F20 OS005F21 OS005F22 OS005F25 OS005F26 OS005F27 OS005G01
OS005G01P2 OS005G02 OS005G02P2 OS005G03 OS005G10 OS010C05 OS010C06 OS010C07 OS010C10 OS010C11 OS010C11P1 OS010C11P2
OS010C12 OS010C12P1 OS010C12P2 OS010C20 OS010C21 OS010C22 OS010C25 OS010C26 OS010C27 OS010C50 OS010C51 OS010C52
OS010F05 OS010F06 OS010F07 OS010F20 OS010F21 OS010F22 OS010F25 OS010F26 OS010F27 OS010G01 OS010G01P2
OS010G02 OS010G02P2 OS010G03 OS010G10 OS030C05 OS030C06 OS030C07 OS030C10 OS030C11 OS030C11P1 OS030C11P2 OS030C12
OS030C12P1 OS030C12P2 OS030C20 OS030C21 OS030C22 OS030C25 OS030C26 OS030C27 OS030C50 OS030C51 OS030C52
OS030F05 OS030F06 OS030F07 OS030F20 OS030F21 OS030F22 OS030F25 OS030F26 OS030F27 OS030G01 OS030G01P2 OS030G02
OS030G02P2 OS030G03 OS030G10 OS050C05 OS050C06 OS050C07 OS050C10 OS050C11 OS050C11P1 OS050C11P2 OS050C12
OS050C12P1 OS050C12P2 OS050C20 OS050C21 OS050C22 OS050C25 OS050C26 OS050C27 OS050C50 OS050C51 OS050C52 OS050F05
OS050F06 OS050F07 OS050F20 OS050F21 OS050F22 OS050F25 OS050F26 OS050F27 OS050G01 OS050G01P2 OS050G02 OS050G02P2
OS050G03 OS050G10 OS070C05 OS070C06 OS070C07 OS070C10 OS070C11 OS070C11P1 OS070C11P2 OS070C12 OS070C12P1 OS070C12P2
OS070C20 OS070C21 OS070C22 OS070C25 OS070C26 OS070C27 OS070C50 OS070C51 OS070C52 OS070F05 OS070F06 OS070F07
OS070F20 OS070F21 OS070F22 OS070F25 OS070F26 OS070F27 OS070G01 OS070G01P2 OS070G02 OS070G02P2 OS070G03 OS070G10
OS100C05 OS100C06 OS100C07 OS100C10 OS100C11 OS100C11P1 OS100C11P2 OS100C12 OS100C12P1 OS100C12P2 OS100C20
OS100C21 OS100C22 OS100C25 OS100C26 OS100C27 OS100C50 OS100C51 OS100C52 OS100F05 OS100F06 OS100F07 OS100F20
OS100F21 OS100F22 OS100F25 OS100F26 OS100F27 OS100G01 OS100G01P2 OS100G02 OS100G02P2 OS100G03 OS100G10 OS200C05
OS200C06 OS200C07 OS200C10 OS200C11 OS200C11P1 OS200C11P2 OS200C12 OS200C12P1 OS200C12P2 OS200C20 OS200C21 OS200C22
OS200C25 OS200C26 OS200C27 OS200C50 OS200C51 OS200C52 OS200F05 OS200F06 OS200F07 OS200F20 OS200F21 OS200F22
OS200F25 OS200F26 OS200F27 OS200G01 OS200G01P2 OS200G02 OS200G02P2 OS200G03 OS200G10 OS300C06 OS300C07 OS300C11
OS300C11P1 OS300C11P2 OS300C12 OS300C12P1 OS300C12P2 OS300C21 OS300C22 OS300C26 OS300C27 OS300C51 OS300C52 OS300F06
OS300F07 OS300F21 OS300F22 OS300F26 OS300F27 OS300G01 OS300G01P2 OS300G02 OS300G02P2 OS300G03 OS500C06 OS500C07
OS500C11 OS500C11P1 OS500C11P2 OS500C12 OS500C12P1 OS500C12P2 OS500C21 OS500C22 OS500C26 OS500C27 OS500C51 OS500C52
OS500F06 OS500F07 OS500F21 OS500F22 OS500F26 OS500F27 OS500G01 OS500G01P2 OS500G02 OS500G02P2 OS500G03 OS990C06
OS990C07 OS990C11 OS990C11P1 OS990C11P2 OS990C12 OS990C12P1 OS990C12P2 OS990C21 OS990C22 OS990C26 OS990C27 OS990C51
OS990C52 OS990F06 OS990F07 OS990F21 OS990F22 OS990F26 OS990F27 OS990G01 OS990G01P2 OS990G02 OS990G02P2 OS990G03
OS994C06 OS994C07 OS994C11 OS994C11P1 OS994C11P2 OS994C12 OS994C12P1 OS994C12P2 OS994C21 OS994C22 OS994C26 OS994C27
OS994C51 OS994C52 OS994F06 OS994F07 OS994F21 OS994F22 OS994F26 OS994F27 OS994G01 OS994G01P2 OS994G02 OS994G02P2
OS994G03 OSD65C05 OSD65C06 OSD65C07 OSD65C10 OSD65C11 OSD65C11P1 OSD65C11P2 OSD65C12 OSD65C12P1 OSD65C12P2 OSD65C20
OSD65C21 OSD65C22 OSD65C25 OSD65C26 OSD65C27 OSD65C50 OSD65C51 OSD65C52 OSD65F05 OSD65F06 OSD65F07 OSD65F20
OSD65F21 OSD65F22 OSD65F25 OSD65F26 OSD65F27 OSD65G01 OSD65G01P2 OSD65G02 OSD65G02P2 OSD65G03 OSD65G10 PSM10C06
PSM10C07 PSM10C11 PSM10C11P1 PSM10C11P2 PSM10C12 PSM10C12P1 PSM10C12P2 PSM10C21 PSM10C22 PSM10C26 PSM10C27 PSM10C51
PSM10C52 PSM10F06 PSM10F07 PSM10F21 PSM10F22 PSM10F26 PSM10F27 PSM10G01 PSM10G01P2 PSM10G02 PSM10G02P2 PSM10G03
PSM12C06 PSM12C07 PSM12C11 PSM12C11P1 PSM12C11P2 PSM12C12 PSM12C12P1 PSM12C12P2 PSM12C21 PSM12C22 PSM12C26 PSM12C27
PSM12C51 PSM12C52 PSM12F06 PSM12F07 PSM12F21 PSM12F22 PSM12F26 PSM12F27 PSM12G01 PSM12G01P2 PSM12G02 PSM12G02P2
PSM12G03 PSM20C06 PSM20C07 PSM20C11 PSM20C11P1 PSM20C11P2 PSM20C12 PSM20C12P1 PSM20C12P2 PSM20C21 PSM20C22 PSM20C26
PSM20C27 PSM20C51 PSM20C52 PSM20F06 PSM20F07 PSM20F21 PSM20F22 PSM20F26 PSM20F27 PSM20G01 PSM20G01P2 PSM20G02
PSM20G02P2 PSM20G03 PSM45C06 PSM45C07 PSM45C11 PSM45C11P1 PSM45C11P2 PSM45C12 PSM45C12P1 PSM45C12P2 PSM45C21 PSM45C22
PSM45C26 PSM45C27 PSM45C51 PSM45C52 PSM45F06 PSM45F07 PSM45F21 PSM45F22 PSM45F26 PSM45F27 PSM45G01 PSM45G01P2
PSM45G02 PSM45G02P2 PSM45G03 PSM65C06 PSM65C07 PSM65C11 PSM65C11P1 PSM65C11P2 PSM65C12 PSM65C12P1 PSM65C12P2 PSM65C21
PSM65C22 PSM65C26 PSM65C27 PSM65C51 PSM65C52 PSM65F06 PSM65F07 PSM65F21 PSM65F22 PSM65F26 PSM65F27 PSM65G01
PSM65G01P2 PSM65G02 PSM65G02P2 PSM65G03 PSM80C06 PSM80C07 PSM80C11 PSM80C11P1 PSM80C11P2 PSM80C12 PSM80C12P1 PSM80C12P2
PSM80C21 PSM80C22 PSM80C26 PSM80C27 PSM80C51 PSM80C52 PSM80F06 PSM80F07 PSM80F21 PSM80F22 PSM80F26 PSM80F27
PSM80G01 PSM80G01P2 PSM80G02 PSM80G02P2 PSM80G03
