- Perez M, Maiguy-Foinard A, Barthélémy C, Décaudin B, Odou P. Particulate Matter in Injectable Drugs: Evaluation of Risks to Patients. Pharm Technol Hosp Pharm. 2016;1(2):91-103.
- Langille SE. Particulate Matter in Injectable Drug Products. PDA J Pharm Sci Tech. 2013;67:186-200.
- Ilium L, Davis SS, Wilson CG, Thomas NW, Frier M, Hardy JG. Blood clearance and organ deposition of intravenously administered colloidal particles. The effects of particle size, nature and shape. Int J Pharm. 1982;12(2):135-46.
- Bradley JS, Wassel RT, Lee L, Nambiar S. Intravenous ceftriaxone and calcium in the neonate: assessing the risk for cardiopulmonary adverse events. Pediatrics. 2009;123(4):e609-13. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3080.
- Puntis JWL, Wilkins KM, Ball P. Hazards of parenteral treatment: do particles count? Arch Disease Childhood. 1992;67:1475-1477.
- Boehne M, Jack T, Kӧditz H, Seidemann K, Florian S, Abura M, Bertram H, et al. In-line filtration minimizes organ dysfunction: New aspects from a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. BMC Pediatrics. 2013:13(21):1-8.
- Kirkpatrick CJ, Rangoonwala R, Reshetnykov M, Barbeck M, Ghanaati S. Non-Equivalence of Antibiotic Generic Drugs and Risk for Intensive Care Patients. Pharmaceut Reg Affairs. 2013;2(1):1-7.
- Schäfer SC, Bison PA, Rangoonwala R, Kirkpatrick CJ. 0.2 µm in-line filters prevent capillary obstruction by particulate contaminants of generic antibiotic preparations in postischemic muscle. Chemother J. 2008;17:172-178.
- Lehr HA, Brunner J, Rangoonwala R, Kirkpatrick CJ. Particulate Matter Contamination of Intravenous Antibiotics Aggravates Loss of Functional Capillary Density in Postischemic Striated Muscle. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165:514-520.
- Jack T, Boehne M, Brent BE, Hoy L, Kӧditz H, Wessel A, et al. In-line filtration reduces severe complications and length of stay on pediatric intensive care unit: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38:1008-1016.
- Jack T, Brent BE, Boehne M, Müller M, Sewald K, Braun A, et al. Analysis of particulate contaminations of infusion solutions in a pediatric intensive care unit. Int Care Med. 2010;36:707-711.
- Schmitt E, Meybohm P, Herrmann E, Ammersbach K, Endres R, Lindau S, et al. In-line filtration of intravenous infusion may reduce organ dysfunction of adult critical patients. Crit Care. 2019;23(1):(373). Published 2019 Nov 22. Doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2618-z.
- Chisholm CF, Behnke W, Pokhilchuk Y, Frazer-Abel AA, Randolph TW. Subvisible Particles in IVIg Formulations Activate Complement in Human Serum. J Pharm Sci. 2020;109(1):558-565. doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.041.
- Berger M. Adverse effects of IgG therapy. J Allergy Clinic Immunol Pract. 2013;1(6):558-566. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2013.09.012.
- Kessler M, Goldsmith D, Schellekens H. Immunogenicity of biopharmaceuticals. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21 Suppl 5:v9–v12. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl476.
- Rosenberg AS. Effects of protein aggregates: An immunologic perspective. AAPS J. 2006;8(3):E501–E507. Published 2006 Aug 4. doi:10.1208/aapsj080359.
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Filters retain particles
Watch this video and see how our IV in-line filters retain the particles.
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A world without filters
Join us on a journey of discovery.
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Particles in IV lines
Watch the video to see the motion of particles at the egress of a catheter.
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Opening an ampule
Watch the video to learn how glass particles travel from ampules when opened.
- Jack T, Boehne M, Brent BE, Hoy L, Kӧditz H, Wessel A, et al. In-line filtration reduces severe complications and length of stay on pediatric intensive care unit: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Inten Care Med. 2012;38:1008-1016.
- Boehne M, Jack T, Kӧditz H, Seidemann K, Schmidt F, Abura M, et al. In-line filtration minimizes organ dysfunction: New aspects from a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. BMC Pediatrics. 2013;13(21):1-8.
- Sasse M, Dziuba F, Jack T, Kӧditz, Kaussen T, Bertram H, et al. In-line Filtration Decreases Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Renal and Hematologic Dysfunction in Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Patients. Pediatr Cardiol. 2015;36:1270-1278.
- Villa G, Chelazzi C, Giua R, Tofani L, Zagli G, Boninsegni P, et al. In-Line Filtration Reduces Postoperative Venous Peripheral Phlebitis Associated With Cannulation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesth Analg. 2018;127(6):1367-1374. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000003393.
- Schmitt E, Meybohm P, Herrmann E, Ammersbach K, Endres R, Lindau S, et al. In-line filtration of intravenous infusion may reduce organ dysfunction of adult critical patients. Crit Care. 2019;23(1):373. Published 2019 Nov 22. doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2618-z.
- Virlouvet A-L, Pansiot J, Toumazi A, Colella M, Capewell A, Guerriero E, et al. In-line filtration in very preterm neonates: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):(5003). Published 2020 Mar 19. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61815-4.